Abstract Objective To explore whether Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)-Epac1 signaling is activated in 1-Desamino-8-D-arginine-Vasopressin-induced Endolymphatic Hydrops (DDAVP-induced EH) and to provide new insight for further in-depth study of DDAVP-induced EH. Methods Eighteen healthy, red-eyed guinea pigs (36 ears) weighing 200-350 g were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, which received intraperitoneal injection of sterile saline (same volume as that in the other two groups) for 7 consecutive days; the DDAVP-7d group, which received intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/mL/kg DDAVP for 7 consecutive days; and the DDAVP-14d group, which received intraperitoneal injection of 10 μg/mL/kg DDAVP for 14 consecutive days. After successful modeling, all animals were sacrificed, and cochlea tissues were collected to detect the mRNA and protein expression of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP-1 and 2 (Epac1, Epac2), and Repressor Activator Protein-1 (Rap1) by Reverse Transcription (RT)-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results Compared to the control group, the relative mRNA expression of Epac1, Epac2, Rap1A, and Rap1B in the cochlea tissue of the DDAVP-7d group was significantly higher (p< 0.05), while no significant difference in Rap1 GTPase activating protein (Rap1gap) mRNA expression was found between the two groups. The relative mRNA expression of Epac1, Rap1A, Rap1B, and Rap1gap in the cochlea tissue of the DDAVP-14d group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p< 0.05), while no significant difference in Epac2 mRNA expression was found between the DDAVP-14d and control groups. Comparison between the DDAVP-14d and DDAVP-7d groups showed that the DDAVP-14d group had significantly lower Epac2 and Rap1A (p< 0.05) and higher Rap1gap (p < 0.05) mRNA expression in the cochlea tissue than that of the DDAVP-7d group, while no significant differences in Epac1 and Rap1B mRNA expression were found between the two groups. Western blotting showed that Epac1 protein expression in the cochlea tissue was the highest in the DDAVP-14d group, followed by that in the DDAVP-7d group, and was the lowest in the control group, showing significant differences between groups (p< 0.05); Rap1 protein expression in the cochlea tissue was the highest in the DDAVP-7d group, followed by the DDAVP-14d group, and was the lowest in the control group, showing significant differences between groups (p< 0.05); no significant differences in Epac2 protein expression in the cochlea tissue were found among the three groups. Conclusion DDAVP upregulated Epac1 protein expression in the guinea pig cochlea, leading to activation of the inner ear cAMP-Epac1 signaling pathway. This may be an important mechanism by which DDAVP regulates endolymphatic metabolism to induce EH and affect inner ear function. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence Level 5.

The growth of China's economy hinges to a large extent on the ability of the industry to operate more efficiently and effectively in the global supply chain system. China's manufacturing companies should pay attention to adopt more efficient supply chain technologies to provide better services for their customers. China has initially carried out research and development and industrialization of technology related to RFID and begun to apply in some areas in recent years. This article studies the determinant factors of the RFID adoption by manufacturing companies in China. The population of this study is manufacturing companies in China that are registered under Federation of China Manufacturers. A questionnaire survey is conducted to study the adoption of RFID by China's manufacturing industry. This study reveals that the environment, organization, technology and product have the impact on the adoption of RFID in China. Organization should be given strategic attention to improve employee participation in adopting RFID as a strategic tool..

Estudou-se em Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil, no período de 1º de junho de 1978 a 31 de maio de 1979, 98% do universo de nascidos vivos, totalizando 8878 crianças nascidas de parto único, sendo 6750 procedentes de Ribeirão Preto. Observou-se um aumento da proporção de mães adolescentes em Ribeirão Preto (14,1%) quando comparada com estudo realizado 10 anos antes (11,7%). A idade materna menor de 20 anos esteve associada com os indicadores mais desfavoráveis para a saúde perinatal, no que diz respeito à atenção médica à gestação e ao parto. Essa situação ficou mais evidente entre as mães adolescentes de classes sociais menos favorecidas, revelando que o grupo de mães adolescentes não é homogêneo, mas apresenta diferentes proporções de risco para a saúde perinatal de acordo com as frações de classe social que existem no seu interior.

Ninety-eight percent of all live births occuring in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo (Brazil), from June 1, 1978 to May 30, 1979 were studied, for a total of 8,878 single-delivery infants, 6,750 of whom were from this town. An increase in the proportion of teenage mothers in Ribeirão Preto (14.1%) was observed in relation to a study carried out ten years before (11.7%). Maternal age of less than 20 years was associated with more unfavorable perinatal health indicators with respect to medical care and delivery. This situation was more evident among teenage mothers from underprivileged social classes, showing that the group of teenage mothers is not homogeneous but presents different risk rates for perinatal health according to the social strata of which the group is composed.

Estudou-se em Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil, no período de 1º de junho de 1978 a 31 de maio de 1979, 98% do universo de nascidos vivos, totalizando 8878 crianças nascidas de parto único, sendo 6750 procedentes de Ribeirão Preto. Observou-se um aumento da proporção de mães adolescentes em Ribeirão Preto (14,1%) quando comparada com estudo realizado 10 anos antes (11,7%). A idade materna menor de 20 anos esteve associada com os indicadores mais desfavoráveis para a saúde perinatal, no que diz respeito à atenção médica à gestação e ao parto. Essa situação ficou mais evidente entre as mães adolescentes de classes sociais menos favorecidas, revelando que o grupo de mães adolescentes não é homogêneo, mas apresenta diferentes proporções de risco para a saúde perinatal de acordo com as frações de classe social que existem no seu interior.

Ninety-eight percent of all live births occuring in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo (Brazil), from June 1, 1978 to May 30, 1979 were studied, for a total of 8,878 single-delivery infants, 6,750 of whom were from this town. An increase in the proportion of teenage mothers in Ribeirão Preto (14.1%) was observed in relation to a study carried out ten years before (11.7%). Maternal age of less than 20 years was associated with more unfavorable perinatal health indicators with respect to medical care and delivery. This situation was more evident among teenage mothers from underprivileged social classes, showing that the group of teenage mothers is not homogeneous but presents different risk rates for perinatal health according to the social strata of which the group is composed.